Editor's note
Today, with the rapid development of the Internet, information technology is profoundly changing the global economic structure, interest pattern, and security structure, so that the world's major countries regard the Internet as the strategic direction for seeking competitive advantage, net worth, and information. At the same time, how to better regulate and govern, and give full play to the positive role of the Internet in human development, while minimizing the threats and uncertainties it may bring, is crucial.
Hosted by the Development Research Center of the State Council, the China Internet Space Research Institute and the Internet Information Office of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region hosted the Internet International High-end Think Tank Forum during the Wuzhen World Internet Conference. The forum was hosted by Long Guoqiang, deputy director of the Development Research Center of the State Council. 13 domestic and foreign heavyweight scholars gave speeches on "building a peaceful, secure, open and cooperative cyberspace". The reporter combed some of the speakers' views to readers. .
Our reporter Dou Yu
Networking is a new opportunity for China's peaceful rise
Zheng Bijian President of National Innovation and Development Strategy Research Association
The tide of the Internet is the tide of the times and unstoppable.
Among them, one trend is peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit. There is also a trend of informationization, digitization, and intelligence. In short, it is network. Network information technology is profoundly changing the global economic structure, interest pattern, and security structure, so that the world's major countries regard the Internet as a strategic direction for seeking competitive advantage. The two trends are interrelated, mutually integrated and mutually reinforcing.
Networking is of extraordinary significance to the peaceful rise of China. The arrogant and closed past has made China miss the opportunity in the tide of industrial revolution. From the second decade of the 21st century to the middle of the 21st century, one of the major features of the third round of economic globalization has emerged, namely, using network information technology as a means to promote a new round of technological revolution and institutional innovation to achieve productivity and national defense. A major turning point and a major improvement in the three forces of strength and cultural strength. This is the general trend and new opportunity for China's peaceful rise.
The new tide calls for a new civilization. When discussing networking and the current world's peace, development, cooperation, and win-win trends as a whole, we should consider China's networked development trend as a whole with China's peaceful rise. It will be a new civilization awakened by the tide of networking.
There are three aspects to the awakening of the new civilization. First of all, it is reflected in productivity. The industrial revolution and the information revolution have led to the shift of productivity and production development from mass production to individualization. The focus of the industrial chain has also shifted from manufacturing big data to information content itself. Data can be used interchangeably and information can be shared. However, cyberspace transcends the essential characteristics of physical space in the past and is the biggest lever that can incite humans to move toward new civilizations. It will provide humans with a non-flexible game and the practical possibility of constructing a community of interests.
Second, it is reflected in national defense. Information technology has made information weapons more and more developed. The power of information weapons is mainly reflected in the release of control energy. Information superiority has thus become a strategic commanding point, thus changing the pattern of war and defense. Cyberspace security has risen to the first level of sovereign countries. Security threats. Global security incidents have repeatedly proved that countries have national boundaries, but cyber threats have no borders and international cooperation should be carried out.
Again, it is reflected in the cultural power. Networking has opened up people's minds and wisdom, and has improved people's quality and ability. The amount of information and information that modern people accept is unmatched by people of any era in the past. TV, telephone, and data triple play, using new media, self-media, online language and expression packs to express the use of fragmented communication, its popularity and influence for Internet users, comparable to China A vernacular movement 100 years ago. Today's online text is worldwide, and it is an opportunity for Chinese civilization to reunite with the world trend. "Internet + culture" and the creative culture industry have also come to the fore, and the power of network cross-cultural communication is immeasurable.
Facts have proved that the Chinese can quickly accept new things: in just a few years, the number of Internet users has reached 710 million, and the online shopping market has reached 3.8 trillion yuan, ranking first in the world. In 2015, the information economy accounted for 26% of GDP. However, the current data interconnection is not enough, and the level of independent innovation is not enough. This requires that we must accelerate the independent innovation of network information technology, accelerate the promotion of digital economy to economic development, accelerate the improvement of network management, accelerate the enhancement of cyberspace security defense capabilities, accelerate the use of network information technology to promote social governance, and accelerate the improvement of our cyberspace. The right of international discourse and rulemaking will make unremitting efforts towards the goal of building a network power.
In the dimension of the community of destiny in cyberspace, we should correctly treat the interests of different actors in cyberspace from the perspectives of the state, the international community and the nationals. We should seek the maximum number of conventions of the international community with the aim of cooperation and mutual benefit. The interoperable spirit of the Internet is truly realized in the real world.
Open and transparent helps promote Internet security
Co-Chair of the Board of Directors of the John Thornton Brookings Society
Cybersecurity is extremely important to the country's economic development. As the G20 leaders called for at the Hangzhou Summit, solving the Internet problem requires new ideas, and it is necessary to respond to the pressure of e-commerce, and should also propose independent new ideas.
In general, the open and transparent development of the Internet will enable us to better understand their respective concerns and mutual respect, while at the same time reducing Internet risks. The world today is developing rapidly, connecting with each other, requiring new ideas, and focusing on a common future. All relevant parties and stakeholders can develop together in the world.
Forming new ideas in a safe area and promoting ideas through the Internet is the role that think tanks should play in the next decade.
New think tank freedom is a key issue in Internet governance
Leonid Todolov, President, Asia Pacific Top Level Domain Organization
Today's new think tanks are involved in some record-breaking research, and carry out new areas that others have not experienced and explored, and finally come up with some non-traditional ideas. The emergence of new think tanks came into being with the development of the Internet. We should recognize new ways of thinking and praise their new ways of pursuing truth, and encourage them to explore which are the most productive phenomena.
At first, because the government did not understand the Internet, the researchers of these think tanks conducted their own research without the support of the government. Slowly, support for research takes place in a new way of sponsoring, because some companies are interested in what they want to look at. Research in this area and think tanks in this area challenge traditional government and traditional knowledge think tanks.
Whether these think tanks can continue to enjoy unrestricted freedom of study, freedom of expression, whether they have the right to maintain a neutral point of view without discrimination, and whether they can participate in discussions with an open and inclusive mindset is a key issue for Internet governance.
Promote the popularity of the Internet in large population countries
Rahim Maharaj Honorary Professor, Center for Assessment, Science and Technology, Stanley Bush University, South Africa
ICTs provide a key platform for humanity to promote economic and social development and achieve sustainable development. In this process, the BRICS countries China, Russia, India, Brazil, and South Africa have extremely important influences in this regard. The total population of these countries has reached 3.1 billion.
Many scholars have mentioned global products, and an important embodiment of global products is the network platform of information and communication technology. Some data show that the popularity of the Internet is very fast, far exceeding the speed of social progress. From the paradigm of technological and economic development, it can be found that the popularity of Internet technology is leapfrogging. Linking the status quo to history for analysis, we can see that the speed of Internet popularization has precedents in history. In the course of capitalist development, the industrial revolution is also speeding up in many countries. Internet technology came into being in the 1970s. Although the scale and speed of global expansion in just a few decades have been rapid, some places have been forgotten outside the online world.
The data show that the world's interconnection is not consistent with the world's population distribution. The Internet penetration of many populous countries lags far behind the developed countries with few populations. This imbalance is evident in Africa. The age structure of African population is very young, growing. The potential is very large and its economic development is also very fast.
The Internet is a public platform for international knowledge dissemination. It should be regarded as a public product. It should not be used for private profit. It should consider expanding the penetration and penetration of Internet in Africa and mobilizing the rapid development of Internet companies in Africa.
Internet governance systems such as the rainforest
Wolfgang Konakots Honorary Professor, Aarhus University, Denmark
As a member of the United Nations Internet Governance Working Group for 14 years, I was asked by many government officials where to learn the skills and knowledge of the Internet. This question is difficult to answer because the academic system is composed of disciplines such as law, economics, computer science, and media, and Internet governance is an interdisciplinary issue, including informatics, computer science, law, media, political science, and sociology. Content.
Therefore, "sharing" is a keyword. The Internet requires norms, rules and procedures, but how to formulate them, norms and procedures? It should not be formulated from the top down, but should be formulated in an open discussion, that is, it needs to be shared and shared. Sharing and sharing can be said to be the basic idea of ​​the Internet at the beginning.
The use of the Internet refers to the infrastructure of the Internet, because the Internet is basically a technical phenomenon. In real life, technical and policy issues are inseparable, and the people who write the program and the people who make the law must work together to find a sustainable solution.
The Internet is an ecosystem. I like it to the rainforest. No one can control the rainforest. The various creatures are sometimes harmonious and friendly, sometimes fighting. The ecosystem of Internet governance, especially like a tropical rainforest, is impossible to control the entire system at the push of a button, but requires coordination and coordination, both formal and informal. The traditional policy-making process is no longer applicable in such an ecosystem.
New productivity will change the economic base. The economic foundation will lead to changes in the policy superstructure. Policy change means the change of governance structure, from simple structure to complex structure. In the formulation of policies, we need to consider all aspects of the needs, we need to consider a variety of development trends.
Network governance big country cooperation is especially important
Li Cheng, Director of the John Thornton China Center and Senior Fellow of the Foreign Policy Program
In order to regulate the Internet in a standardized manner, we should seek comprehensive cooperation on an international scale. Not only the United States, Russia, China, the United Kingdom, and Israel have invested heavily, but the Internet power also includes other countries, such as India with more than 400 million Internet users. .
On the network side, some big countries have reached cooperation agreements. For example, President Xi Jinping and President Obama reached an agreement on the Internet domain name last year to clarify their respective roles in the Internet. The G20 meeting held in Hangzhou this year once again clarified the role that China and the United States can play in Internet development. This year, Russia and China have issued joint statements to carry out cooperation involving Internet space; the United States and India have also published framework documents on the relationship between the Internet.
However, to resolve Internet attacks, Internet terrorism and Internet crime, cooperation agreements on the Internet are still insufficient.
During the recent US presidential election, Internet attacks reached their peak and affected geopolitics. In fact, no matter China, the United States, or Russia, it is impossible to deal with the Internet "9·11." Therefore, big countries should cooperate. Large countries have many resources, especially financial resources can carry out cooperation and research in this area. The US government listed $90 million in cybersecurity in the 2017 budget. Many companies in the world are headquartered in the United States or China. It is because of the financial capacity of large countries that their government departments and large companies are able to carry out some new practices.
In addition, the human resources of big countries cannot be ignored, especially the think tanks of big countries. In the digital age, high-level policy making is increasingly influenced by think tanks, and think tank scholars are involved in Internet dialogue. Not only has it expanded its horizons, but it has also brought a special interest. This is a new idea that is not in the Internet world.
The development of technology is changing with each passing day. Not every government can manage it alone, so the government must take collective activities. Governments should work with business leaders, scientists, scholars, including think tank scholars to develop a regulatory framework.
Building a network security space should establish a vulnerability database
Jose Eduardo Maltese de Sa Branco, Research Fellow, Brazilian Institute of Applied Economics
In the cyber hazard cycle, victims are vulnerable. The company's vulnerability refers to vulnerabilities or weaknesses in the information system, including Internet procedures and controls.
There is now an arms race for cyber attacks. It is almost like a nuclear weapon competition. The result of this arms race is frightening. This kind of arms race on the network, whether public or rare network security, has been greatly attacked, resulting in rising costs. In some cases, the two sides of the competition exchanged attacks on the black market, the price can be 100 US dollars or even 500,000 US dollars.
How to reduce vulnerability, reduce risk to reduce crimes and activities in some societies, and stop the arms race in cyberspace? This requires multi-faceted, cross-sectoral collaboration to create an independent, trustworthy and secure database that requires research companies. Work with the government to contribute to the database. Inter-departmental collaboration involves developing, researching, and developing strategies. Research is needed to encourage researchers to make full use of the vulnerability database, communicate their research findings, and communicate with companies. It also encourages companies to use vulnerability databases to collect new ones. Vulnerability.
A management and review database should be established to encourage researchers to take responsibility for consumers, governments and researchers, to allow researchers and relevant development units to reach an agreement, and to ensure that the storage and use of the database is safe.
Asia Pacific network needs stability and security
Alan Mohan Sukumar, Head of Network Security and Internet Governance, Indian Observer Foundation
At present, Asia has not formally formed correct network rules, but has a broad consensus on cyberspace stability and security. In Asian economies, the degree of integration is getting higher and higher. However, the high degree of economic integration is not enough to avoid conflicts, but it can be used as a means to avoid the escalation of cyberspace conflicts.
China has played a key role in all institutional arrangements in Asia, and these institutional arrangements have played a key role in the stability of cyberspace. Among them, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the “Belt and Road†initiative are initiated by China and regional economic partnerships. All these institutional arrangements are essential to maintaining the stability of the Asian economy and cyberspace. In particular, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is very important to Asia's economic status because it can provide financial support. Cybersecurity relies more on economic ties than on cyber defenses and attacks.
The AIIB and the “Belt and Road†institutional arrangements can promote economic linkages and the formation of rules for Asian infrastructure, information and communication infrastructure and networks, which should reflect the concerns and interests of all countries.
Focus on solving network domain conflicts and differences
Nigel Inkster Director, Future Conflict and Cyber ​​Security, UK Institute for International Strategy
With the development of cyberspace, the militarization of cyberspace has become more and more obvious. The confrontation or cooperation between the three major powers of the United States, Russia and China in cyberspace will play a decisive role in the global strategic pattern. Due to the differences in political systems and value systems between countries, differences are difficult to disappear in a short period of time.
Due to the transparency of information communication and the lack of rules, more control mechanisms need to be established. This requires the establishment of basic rules for cyberspace and cyber warfare through the United Nations intergovernmental group of experts, and the rapid resolution of conflicts in cyberspace through the establishment of mechanisms.
Global Internet Development Governance China's Wisdom and Think Tank Cooperation
Yang Shuzhen, Dean of China Cyberspace Research Institute
While enjoying the benefits and well-being brought by the cyberspace created by their own wisdom, human beings need to use wisdom to cope with the challenges and threats faced by cyberspace, and the wisdom of China that has been formed for thousands of years is still shining.
Innovation is the soul of national progress and the inexhaustible motive force for the country to thrive. Facing the rapid iteration and the ever-changing information revolution, we should grasp the context of the times, conform to the trend of innovation in the times, promote the innovation of information technology, and accelerate the application of innovative products such as mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, etc., so that the network space is always full. Vitality.
Openness brings development, tolerance and promotes win-win. This is a profound enlightenment given by history and is the basic concept that the current cyberspace exchanges and cooperation should be uphold. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of global network infrastructure, build an online cultural exchange and sharing platform, carry out digital economic cooperation, narrow the digital divide, and allow more countries and people to take the express train of the information age and share the development results of the Internet.
In the face of the tide of the information age, we should respect the sovereignty of the network, respect the choice of network development paths, management models, public policies, and the right to participate in international cyberspace governance, and play the role of governments, international organizations, Internet companies, technology communities, and civil organizations. The role of individual subjects such as citizens. Build a multilateral, democratic and transparent global Internet governance system.
Advancing the transformation of the global Internet system and building a community of cyberspace destiny requires the wisdom of the world and the power of the world. Think tank as a think tank, intelligent group and driving force for economic and social development, I believe that the exchange and cooperation of cyberspace international think tanks should be: First, persist in focusing on the overall direction to grasp the direction of exchange and cooperation of think tanks; second, insist on seeking common ground while reserving differences and exploring think tank exchange and cooperation. Third, adhere to the results of understanding and integration of rich think tank exchanges and cooperation.
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