The reclaimed construction of the power plant caused the fishermen to fish without catching the villagers to reclaim the land and open the food stalls to destroy the environment.
Many places illegally use the sea to extract marine ecology
Experts recommend improving the market allocation mechanism of the sea area and strengthening the management and control of marine space planning
Economic reference
Recently, the Office of the State Oceanic Administration sent a letter to the Friends of Nature, an environmental organization, saying that the artificial island reclamation project at the Sanya New Airport was suspected of illegal use of the sea. The State Oceanic Administration has suspended the review of the sea pre-trial application for the project. Behind this, the contradiction between supply and demand of some offshore water resources in China has become increasingly prominent, and the problems that arise from the conflict between development and utilization and ecological protection cannot be ignored. The "Economic Information Daily" reporter recently found in some coastal provinces in China that due to the lack of rigidity in the EIA, inadequate supervision, and difficulty in implementing the balance of ecological occupation and compensation, some coastal areas have not been approved for construction, have not been built first, and have not been approved without authorization. The use of sea areas and other illegal use of the sea and the damage to the marine ecological environment have occurred from time to time. Some projects directly lead to increased coastal erosion, destroying the vegetation on the shore and causing significant ecological impact.
Relevant experts said that it is urgent to improve the market allocation system of the current sea area, and to fully demonstrate and investigate the large-scale reclamation of the island, put the ecological environment in an important position in various construction plans, and enhance the feasibility and sustainable development of planning and later construction. Sex.
Violation of regulations, flooding the sea, frequent sea areas, supply and demand contradictions
In recent years, the contradiction between supply and demand of resources in offshore waters has become increasingly prominent. Some coastal areas have not been approved for construction, have not been built first, and have not been approved for unauthorized use of sea areas, such as illegal use of the sea and causing damage to the marine ecological environment.
As of the end of August, the marine fishery department of Hainan Province received a total of 107 pieces of the sixth group of national marine inspection teams, including 19 cases of illegal reclamation, second only to land-based pollution cases.
It is understood that from 2012 to 2016, a total of 195 cases of illegal reclamation were investigated and handled in Fujian Province. The main illegal acts were unapproved or filled in batches.
In a southern province, an artificial lotus island is planned in the sea near an airport. The shape is a lotus flower composed of eight petals, and it is planned to build a commercial park. The project was suspended in July this year due to the reclamation of sea rights. The reporter found through the aerial photography of the drone that in addition to the first phase of the Lotus Island project, which has obtained the sea permit, the two northernmost "petals" were completed overseas, and the surrounding areas were filled with several land of different sizes. Super first phase project.
In Guangdong, Huizhou Pinghai Power Plant Co., Ltd. implemented power plant site leveling and bank protection projects in the overseas Chinese city. According to the “Administrative Punishment Decision†made by the Guangdong Provincial Department of Oceans and Fisheries, from August 2007 to June 2016, the company had not approved the reclamation of 16.3947 hectares. Through the comparison of historical data of satellite maps, it can be clearly seen that the originally smooth natural coastline is filled with angular rectangles.
In addition to the illegal construction of large-scale projects, the coastal residents have become prominent in the private land. In early September, the reporter saw in Huangbujiao Village, Linhai Fishing Village, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, that dozens of tourists boarded the small fishing boats of the fishermen from the docks in the village to go fishing. There are two plots on both sides of the dock that are illegally reclamation, covering an area of ​​about 2,000 square meters.
“Some villagers have started to build food stalls by land reclamation. At most, there are more than a dozen.†A villager named Lin said that one of them has been filled in for three or four years, and the other is newly filled this year. In July this year, Huidong County Marine and Fisheries Bureau and other relevant units cleared the food stalls.
Between the Sun Moon Island project in Wanning, Hainan and the beach, fishermen built more than ten breeding cages and simple sheds on the sea. The sea water is muddy and odorous, and the beach is full of broken fishing nets. , domestic garbage and dead fish, shrimps and corals. In the iron stove port of Haishu District of Sanya City and Xincun Port of Lingshui County, the reporter also found out the problem of direct discharge of domestic sewage produced by farmed fish rafts and fish raft restaurants.
In Dongao Village, Ningde City, Fujian Province, some villagers avoided the law enforcement unit inspections in the evening without obtaining the right to use the sea area, and filled the sea with nearly 5 mu of landfill. The reclamation area is planned to build a land-based transportation terminal, and the parties involved in the reclamation attempt to collect compensation for the sea area by occupying the sea area.
Violation of the rules and reclamation of the sea exposed the contradiction between supply and demand in the sea. Taking Fujian Province as an example, the index of reclamation in Fujian Province in the past three years is more than 1,000 hectares per year, and the demand for reclamation of key projects in Quanzhou City has reached more than 2,000 hectares this year and next.
An official of a marine fishery department in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province said that with the implementation of the marine economic development strategy, major development projects and coastal industries have developed rapidly, and the ocean has become an important direction and strategic space for Quanzhou's economic and social development.
An official in Guangxi said that in recent years, Guangxi's economy has developed rapidly. After the establishment of the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, a number of major projects have been introduced. These projects have indeed promoted economic development. However, due to the partial involvement in the reclamation of the sea, the direct row of enterprises has also caused a certain degree. Offshore pollution. In particular, steel, paper, oil and other projects have the most serious impact.
Coastal erosion exacerbates damage to shore vegetation
The reporter's investigation found that illegal reclamation construction has caused significant ecological impact. Construction directly leads to increased coastal erosion and damage to shore vegetation.
In a southern province, the reporter visited a nearby section of a key project and found that the beach was heavily silted. One of the artificial islands and the land formed a island sand bar, which could go directly to the artificial island through the sand bar. In addition, the coastal green forests stretch for several kilometers, and the vegetation around the reclamation project is sparse under coastal erosion.
The reclamation construction produces suspended matter diffusion and muddy sewage polluted sea areas, resulting in a reduction in fishery resources in coastal waters. Several fishermen in the village near Huizhou Pinghai Power Plant told reporters that the fishing industry was rich in fisheries before the construction of the power plant. As the power plants gradually reclaimed the sea, there were fewer or fewer fish to catch.
In addition, experts pointed out that potential ecological hazards in the longer period after the completion of the artificial island are also worthy of vigilance. Chen Hong, director of the South China Sea Tropical Sea Life and Disease Research Institute, said that illegal land reclamation will change the natural laws of ocean currents and tides, which will affect the stability of surrounding beaches for a long time. Fang Zaiguang, deputy director of the Department of Marine Science at Hainan University, said that if the site was not scientifically and comprehensively evaluated in the early stage of reclamation, the site selection would be inappropriate, which may result in poor seawater exchange and a significant reduction in the self-purification capacity of the water body.
“The reclamation project of Haikou Bay Lighthouse Hotel has been completed in 2010, but the hotel, which is known as the new landmark building in Hainan, has not yet started construction. The construction site is overgrown with garbage and garbage.†Li Xiaobei, member of the Hainan Provincial Political Consultative Conference, said The planning is unscientific, and the construction of the project is closer to the shore, which affects the hydrodynamic balance of Haikou Bay. The silt in the area increases and the water quality deteriorates.
It is worth noting that the General Office of the Hainan Provincial Government recently issued the “Guiding Opinions on Strengthening Pollution Prevention and Control of Coastal Zones and Coastal Waters in Hainan Provinceâ€, requiring major infrastructure construction, major livelihood projects and key sea area ecological restoration projects in addition to national and provincial projects. In addition, Hainan prohibits reclamation.
The lack of rigid law enforcement supervision in the EIA is not in place
Behind the constant occurrence of violations of the reclamation, the lack of rigidity in the EIA, the lack of law enforcement supervision in the functional departments, and the inability to keep up with the supporting measures for environmental protection need to be resolved.
The reporter found that the following reasons were caused by illegal land reclamation:
First, the EIA lacks rigidity and has a tendency to serve the project. Yang Tianliang, director of the Sanya Research Center of the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the EIA should be objective and fair, but in practice, most of the EIAs are basically in the direction of feasibility, and the characteristics of the project services are obvious.
Second, the law enforcement supervision of the functional departments is not in place, and there are cases of fines and custody. A staff member of the sixth group of the National Marine Inspectorate said that the local marine sector did not adequately cover the environmental monitoring of the reclamation project. Some cities and counties have not implemented the patrol inspection system on the shoreline. They failed to find the problem in time, or did not report the situation in time after the problem was found. The illegal reclamation was not stopped in the initial stage.
Third, the environmental protection supporting measures cannot keep up, and the balance of ecological occupation and compensation is difficult to implement. The staff of the sixth group of the National Ocean Inspectorate said that in the case of reclamation and coastal zone development, most of the problems reflected in Hainan focused on environmental pollution, ecological destruction, and related environmental protection and life support measures. In pursuit of profit first, when building a project, it is easy to ignore the planning of environmental protection, ecology and supporting facilities.
Improve the market supply and allocation mechanism to enhance the ability of "protecting the sea"
Grassroots cadres and relevant experts said that it is urgent to improve the market allocation of the sea area, put the ecological environment at an important position in various construction plans, strengthen the rigid requirements of environmental impact assessment, increase the monitoring coverage, and enhance the ability to “manage the sea†and “protect the sea†in an all-round way.
The first is to improve the supply and allocation mechanism of the sea area market. The maritime fishery departments and cadres in Hainan and Fujian believe that the central government encourages the use of the right to use sea areas for reclamation projects through market-based methods. However, due to the transfer of sea area use rights involving land, planning, forestry, development and other departments, it is necessary to link with the relevant plans such as “Land Use Master Planâ€, “Urban Master Plan†and “Environmental Protection Planâ€, but it is still exploring and In the stage of accumulating experience, there is a lack of inter-departmental supporting systems, and it is necessary to further refine the overall planning from the provincial level to improve the operational mechanism of the market-based allocation of sea area use rights.
The second is to strengthen the management and control of marine space planning and strengthen the scientific research on the control of reclamation. Fang Qinhua, professor of the Institute of Ocean and Coastal Zone Development of Xiamen University, and other experts suggested that the reclamation control should not only rely on the constraints of the project stage, but also be guided by the ecosystem-based management principles, from the cross-regional socio-economic development plan. In terms of ecological security pattern protection, strengthen the management and control of marine space planning, scientifically determine the main functions of the ocean, and delineate the marine ecological red line.
The third is to strengthen grassroots law enforcement and improve the level of grassroots management. A number of grassroots cadres said that the current grassroots marine law enforcement agencies have fewer law enforcement qualifications, and there is a large gap in funding guarantees, resulting in hidden dangers such as penalties and penalties. It is recommended to speed up the integration of existing administrative law enforcement resources and build a comprehensive marine law enforcement agency with reasonable preparation, strong guarantee, efficient command, and smooth coordination.
The fourth is to timely modify the marine functional zone planning, and urge the construction unit to improve the supporting projects and adopt ecological restoration measures. Wu Haoxie, chief of the Sea Area and Island Management Section of Quanzhou Ocean and Fishery Bureau, said that for the current reclamation situation, it is necessary to dynamically consider the carrying capacity and capacity of the marine environment based on the current status of development and utilization, and timely revision of the marine functional area planning. .
(This manuscript is written by reporters Li Jinhong, Luo Jiang, Lin Chao, Tian Jianchuan, Pan Qiang, except for the signed article)
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