The conditions for the formation of jade are extremely special and complex.
Most of them come from high-temperature melting magma that is tens of kilometers deep underground. These high-temperature slurries flow from the underground along the crack to the surface of the earth, and become a hard stone after cooling.
In the process, only certain elements slowly crystallize into hard jade or gemstones, and their formation time is very far away from us.
The formation of jade can be divided into the following important periods:
1. Dolomite sedimentation stage
In the late Middle Proterozoic (about a billion years ago), in the southern margin of the Tarim ancient land, where the northern edge of the Kunlun Mountains is located, it used to be a shallow sea where there was a large amount of carbonate deposits, including magnesium. Dolomite is one of the main sources of jade.
Second, the metamorphic stage of the jade in the Dolomites
In the late Sinian period of the Proterozoic, the Tarim movement caused a strong fold and fracture activity in the whole region, which eventually formed the Tarim continent. In a wide range of regional metamorphism, dolomite metamorphism is dolomite marble. Since then, the land mass in the area has risen and become one of the earliest land areas in China that has not been covered by the original layer.
3. Dolomite exchange alteration stage
In the late Carboniferous in the late Paleozoic era more than 200 million years ago, a worldwide crustal movement took place, known as the "Hua Lixi Movement."
In the late Hualixi, in the southern margin of the Tarim continent, there were strong fault activities and magmatism in the continental margin and active zone of the ancient land mass, and the dolomite marble was invaded along the fault with medium-acid intrusive rocks.
After the dolomite marble or the linguistic body remaining at the top of the intrusion is in contact with the magma intrusion and hydrothermal fluid, the osmotic petrochemical, magnesium olivine petrification and tremolite alteration are formed, which becomes the material condition of the jade. one.
Fourth, the jade stage
When the shallow-medium-acidic veins derived from the late Hualixi intrusion invaded into the dolomite marble alteration zone, the contact and metasomatism occurred again, under appropriate geological conditions (300-350 degrees Celsius, 2.5 kilobars or less and certain Under the torsional stress), and the jade is finally formed.
The above four stages can be summarized as follows:
A. Late continental marginal sedimentary/deposited dolomite in the Middle Proterozoic (one of the sources of jade material)
B. The Tarim movement in the late Yuan Dynasty, the regional metamorphism/the dolomite metamorphism is the dolomite marble (the transformation of the jade material structure)
C. Late-stage acid intrusion activity in Hualixi, contact metasomatism/formation of dolomite marble alteration zone (formation of jade material)
D. The contact and metasomatism of the intermediate acid-derived veins derived from the late Indosinian intrusion and the formation of jade
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